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情 况
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例 句
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说 明
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含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时
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Never before have we seen such a sight.
以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Little did I think that he could be back alive.
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.
Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
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常用否定词有: never, not,hardly, scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。
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副词only放在句首时
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Only then did he realize his mistakes .
Only in this way can you learn maths well .
Only Mother can understand me .
Only three of us failed in the exam.
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only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。
如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。
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虚拟语气条件从句中
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Were they here, they would help us .
Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.
Should you fail, take more pain and try again.
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把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。
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直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时
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“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.
“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”
“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.
“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.
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主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。
但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。
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表示祝愿的句子中
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May you succeed! 祝你成功。
Long live the Communist Party of China.
中国共产党万岁！
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谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。
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副词so在句首
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He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .
They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .
I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.
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表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。
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—Tom won the first prize for the English
competition. －So he did.
英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。
It was cold yesterday. So it was …的确冷。
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如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。
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在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中
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Often did we warn them not to do so.
我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
Many a time has she helped me with my English.
她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。
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在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首
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Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .
他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
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介词短语作状语，放在句首
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In the middle of the room stood a little girl.
在房间中央站着一个小女孩。
In the distance was a horse.马在远处。
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在强调表语的句子中
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Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.
阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。
Such is life. 生活就是这样。
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。
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表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。
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